My authorized translation of original arcticle "2nd ResPublica – strict step-mother".: by Dymitr Bagiński from His blogsite.

IIndResPublica 1 – strict step-mother 13.02.2008 — by Dymitr Bagiński "I send this to report, that on May 14 in cottage Podłuże territorial division2 Werba, administrative district3 Dubno 51 people were converted to catholicism. They were molded and enlightened mainly thanks to contribution of following citizens: 1) parish-priest from Ptycza father Jach Wincenty, 2) superior of State Grammar School in Dubno mr Markiewicz, 3) Manager of National Railroads station in Kamienica mr Kozłowski Władysław, 4) mrs Hanchanowa Zofia, 5) mr Hanchan Franciszek, 6) mr Downarowicz Paweł, chief officer of territorial division Werba." That was a substance of a note, reporting progress in action of converting Ukrainians to Catholicism, sent to his superiors by Lieutenant-Colonel Kubicki, commander of 43rd Regiment of Infantry on May 16, 1938. We have to face the truth - IInd ResPublica was a strict step-mother for Ukrainians. The catalogue of Ukrainian prejudices in IInd ResPublica makes a very long list. It all has started with polish victory in war against Western Ukrainian Republic (in 1918) over polish grounds and cottages around city Lwów (ukr. Lviv) and Eastern Galicia, that resulted in inability to obtain autonomy by Ukraine. Then around year 1930 were conducted so called pacifications of ukrainian villages, that were provoked by sabotage and terrorist acts committed by Ukrainians. During this action about 450 villages were searched by polish soldiers. It turned over 1287 carbines and 566 revolvers. There never was established number of killed during those pacifications. The numbers varied from 0 (zero) to 35 victims. In 1932 the inspection of those terrains from League of Nations in summary stated, that Republic of Poland did not commit organized action of terror, persecution, or violation of civil rights against Ukrainians. It all has started after death of Marshall Piłsudski. Polish State decided to intensify polonization. They had started to organize two-language schools, so called “utraquist”4 (in theory – beautiful idea, polish and ukrainian children could learn in both languages simultaneously, in practice – it meant drastic reduction in count of ukrainian schools) Above mentioned ill-conceived action of “catholicization” done with support of Polish Army... It was presented to population as reverse of Greek-Catholic Church influences forced over Poles during long period of Czar's occupation. During that action in Chełm and Podlasie territorial SPANisions alone over 100 Orthodox Churches were destroyed, almost 200 were put in charge of Roman Catholic Church. The number of Ukrainians allowed to work as public servants were artificially restricted. Some sources mention of about 7 thousands civil servants from central Poland that had been sent to work in Eastern provinces. One more very sore subject to Ukrainians were so called army settlers, that been allowed to get grounds on preferred basis, although they were miniscule component in global number of polish population in Eastern Provinces. Is that all explainable? Does it excuse any incentives of the sides of conflict? Prof. Ryszard Torzecki stated in interview for Gazeta Wyborcza: “Main influence on what had happened between Poles and Ukrainians in times of Second World War (…) had conflict from period of twenty years of peace interval between two World Wars. (…) We can ask who was more responsible. I think that always those, who keep the government power in their hands. Before Second World War it were Poles, and during the war - first Soviets, then Germans”. Step-mother - IInd ResPublica was not gentle for her proclaimed Ukrainian children, She more often than not treated them harshly. When they disobeyed – She was quick to beat them to pulp. But on the other hand She took care for them, trying to raise new, valuable citizens. At the same time, behind the eastern border line Soviet apparatus sent millions to Gulag's, and starved to death even more during a period of Great Hunger. Greek-Catholic Metropolitan of Stanisławów said: God's Providence let stay at least part of our ukrainian nation under polish rule... So should we assume that whole blame lays on side of harsh laws and created environment alone? And perpetrator - not guilty? Into the window of the residence of parish-priest Father Wincenty Jach, who in 1938 cooperated with Polish Army in converting Ukrainians, on Sept 2nd 1941 someone throwed a grenade. Priest remained unscathed. During a summer of 1943 Father Jach, warned by some Ukrainians escaped the village. Angry assailants shoot instead 3 Poles and whole mixed polish-ukrainian family of 4, and burned an antique church. Remaining parishioners of Father Jach probably have survived. In burned church, from several hundreds years old public registers, supposedly appeared that many of contemporary Ukrainian families living nearby were listed as catholic Poles in origin. Bibliographic sources: Wiktor Poliszczuk, “Dowody zbrodni OUN i UPA” t.2, Toronto 2000 Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko, “Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945”, Warszawa 2000. Interview of prof. R.Torzeckiego for Gazeta Wyborcza (issue for Warsaw), nr 161 printed 12-13.07.2003. 1Second Republic of Poland - 1918-1939 (latin: ResPublica, polish: Rzecz Pospolita or short form: RP). 2Polish - gmina 3Polish - powiat 4Wikipedia – Utraquists

Link to original Article (in polish)

My authorized translation of original arcticle "9.02.1943. Parośla - krwawe preludium".: by Dymitr Bagiński from His blogsite.

One frosty winter morning settlement Parośla on Wołyń1 has been “visited” by “sotnia”2 of OUN-B (Bandera's)3 guerrillas “Dowbeszka-Korobka” under command of Hryhorij Perehijniak. Sotnia brought over six captured Cossacks 4 (in German forces service),that were apprehended the previous day during an attack on nearby city Włodzimierzec. In a fight one German and three Cossacks were killed. Inhabitants of Parośla offered no resistance at all - in the settlement were not present organized forces of self-defense, as they has not been needed before. Newcomers tried to pass as soviet partisans, but did it so inapt, that it only raised suspicions of Poles. “Soviets” spread out through all homes, and demanded that dinner would be prepared for them. Nobody refused - “partisans” terrified people by their appearance and weaponry - including axes and hunting knives. Inhabitants were not allowed to leave their homes without an escort of a guard. Just before a dinner guerrillas “settled matters” with Cossacks, that were held prisoners in home of Kołodyński family. From the relation of Witold Kołodyński: “At this time commander (…) went to bedroom, to Cossacks. After a while they have lead one out into main (living) room. One could hear sounds of chopping and inhumane scowls. After few minutes went another Cossack, and we heard again sounds, similar to the previous ones. And so it went to the last of Cossacks (…) After dealing with Cossacks, aggressors sat down to dinner. We heard laughing, discussions, and sounds of eating” - W. Kołodyński gives an account. “After dinner, at about 1500 hour into our bedroom came commander with very content grin on his face, and with him few of the bandits undressed to shirts, laughing. Commander told us: you have to lay down, so we can bind you, in order to protect you form German reprisals, so they would not blame you for hiding and feeding partisans”. Poles accepted this explanation, as customary protection against German repraisals. Germans were known often not to punish so “protected” peasants 5. Binded Poles were then murdered by assailants from sotnia “Korobka” by hacking with axes. There were 149 person killed6, it means all inhabitants and some passing through Parośla visitors. Only 12 gravely wounded survivors, including at that time only 12 years old W. Kołodyński and his sister Lila. Once more W. Kołodyński: “We were chilled to the bone, stiffened, soaked with blood. Lila got herself up and helped me to stand. View, that presented before our eyes was horrible. Almost impossible to ccomprehend by human mind, especially by child's mind. Our parents heads were chopp-opened in halves. Mom's long braid was cut off. In Fathers head was still buried an axe (…) In the cradle our youngest sister Bogusia, 1,5 year old, lied down hit in her forehead by axe. For a long time she was convulsive, rocking the cradle.” That's how in reality it looked like “the first action of UPA” - so glorified in ukrainian nationalistic documents. Of course they are telling only about attack on Włodzimierzec. German losses suddenly are swelled up to improbable number of 63 killed. This action convinced headquarters of Bandera's OUN-B, that their kohorts are able to independent carrying actions of ethnic cleansing, comparable to fascist pacifications. Killed habitants of Parośla were put in one common mass grave. Digged excavation turned out to be too small to accommodate every victim, so it was necessary to heap tumulus, to cover all the bodies. It was third tumulus in Parośla. First was a burial place of Tatars invasion, second spanish influenza. After this last assault Parośla ceased to exist. Hryhorij Perehijniak, bastard son of servant from Galicia, without any formal education, self-educated peasant, outlived his victims for less then 2 weeks. Frebruary 2nd 1943 he was killed in skirmish with German troops. Bibliographic sources: Grzegorz Motyka, “Ukraińska partyzantka 1942-1960”, Warszawa 2006 Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko, “Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945”, Warszawa 2000. 1 Polish Wołyń (Volhynia) Voivodeship in eastern part of II Republic of Poland - 1918-1939 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurin Sotnia was a traditional division of the Cossack regiments from earliest records of the Zaporizhian Sich, and means 'a hundred'.(...) During the Second World War, the basic combat unit of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was a kuren or kurin (literally a village; also used for the 11th lowest Cossack rank[1]), equivalent to a battalion of four to eight hundred members, divided into three or four sotnias (companies - of about 120-150 combatants each). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army 3 More about Bandera and UPA (Ukrayins’ka Povstans’ka Armiya – ukarainian: Українська Повстанська Армія – english: Ukrainian Insurgent Army) as “armed arm of OUN-B” and other fractions: OUN-UNR, and OUN-M, as well as their leadership one can find in Wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army . 4 Cossacks had long history of cooperation both with czar's army. and Austro-Hungarian and German armies as well - during First World war they formed Ukrainian Sich Riflemen - ukrainian: Українські cічові стрільці (УСС), Ukraїnski sichovi stril’tsi (USS) – see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Sich_Riflemen . 5 As they appeared to be forced to powide and help partisans. 6 According to documents in Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko, “Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945”, Warszawa 2000. Other sources claim number of victims as 173 killed. (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia )

Link to original Article (in polish)